Duitsland — Green City Index
Ranking van 103 beoordeelde steden in Duitsland: groenruimte per inwoner, oppervlaktewarmte en luchtkwaliteit uit satelliet- en modeldata.
Ranking
| #rang | Stad | Groen m²/inwoner | Heetste zones °C | PM2.5 µg/m³ | PM10 µg/m³ | NO2 µg/m³ | Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Norderstedt | 13636 | +2.2 | 8.7 | 13.5 | 10.5 | 87.8 |
| 2 | Siegen | 8952 | +3.2 | 7.3 | 11.9 | 6.6 | 89.2 |
| 3 | Nordhorn | 14874 | +2.1 | 8.8 | 13.9 | 11.3 | 92.3 |
| 4 | Wolfenbüttel | 7110 | +2.5 | 8.3 | 11.9 | 11.4 | 97.5 |
| 5 | Lüneburg | 13334 | +2.5 | 8.6 | 13.2 | 11.5 | 100.7 |
| 6 | Wetzlar | 15798 | +4.0 | 6.1 | 11.8 | 11.2 | 124.0 |
| 7 | Plauen | 12186 | +3.8 | 7.4 | 12.9 | 10.8 | 125.5 |
| 8 | Emden | 1518 | +2.7 | 7.5 | 14.8 | 11.3 | 129.2 |
| 9 | Gera | 905 | +2.8 | 7.9 | 12.0 | 10.1 | 134.3 |
| 10 | Tübingen | 4567 | +3.4 | 5.1 | 11.4 | 15.4 | 138.5 |
| 11 | Euskirchen | 15783 | +3.4 | 9.3 | 12.7 | 9.7 | 143.5 |
| 12 | Konstanz | 4866 | +3.7 | 5.7 | 13.9 | 12.7 | 144.0 |
| 13 | Weimar | 868 | +3.1 | 8.1 | 12.1 | 10.4 | 155.0 |
| 14 | Aken | 1866 | -4.4 | 9.8 | 14.8 | 14.0 | 163.0 |
| 15 | Jena | 757 | +3.4 | 8.1 | 11.9 | 10.1 | 171.0 |
| 16 | Kempten (Allgäu) | 773 | +3.5 | 6.2 | 12.9 | 12.6 | 171.5 |
| 17 | Zwickau | 4763 | +3.3 | 8.3 | 14.0 | 14.1 | 175.3 |
| 18 | Görlitz | 21260 | +3.6 | 11.1 | 14.8 | 11.0 | 195.8 |
| 19 | Flensburg | 351 | +3.0 | 8.1 | 13.2 | 9.5 | 208.5 |
| 20 | Paderborn | 5804 | +3.7 | 9.4 | 15.7 | 12.5 | 210.7 |
| 21 | Chemnitz | 620 | +3.1 | 9.4 | 13.5 | 11.5 | 211.0 |
| 22 | Bayreuth | 520 | +3.7 | 6.6 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 211.3 |
| 23 | Wilhelmshaven | 809 | +3.5 | 8.6 | 15.4 | 11.2 | 212.8 |
| 24 | Brandenburg an der Havel | 1961 | +4.5 | 8.5 | 14.3 | 12.0 | 216.2 |
| 25 | Ulm | 554 | +3.7 | 4.8 | 12.1 | 16.1 | 216.8 |
| 26 | Rostock | 560 | +4.0 | 8.7 | 13.2 | 7.5 | 219.0 |
| 27 | Dessau | 2258 | +4.0 | 8.7 | 15.6 | 12.5 | 219.2 |
| 28 | Stralsund | 28598 | +9.4 | 9.7 | 13.0 | 8.6 | 219.3 |
| 29 | Neumünster | 537 | +3.7 | 8.9 | 13.2 | 9.8 | 227.0 |
| 30 | Lippstadt | 11035 | +2.4 | 11.4 | 18.4 | 14.5 | 228.8 |
| 31 | Baden-Baden | 2176 | +4.8 | 5.8 | 12.0 | 18.3 | 230.7 |
| 32 | Kaiserslautern | 1055 | +6.2 | 6.6 | 12.6 | 14.9 | 237.8 |
| 33 | Saarbrücken | 1595 | +5.2 | 6.7 | 15.2 | 15.5 | 241.0 |
| 34 | Erlangen | 323 | +3.4 | 5.8 | 14.2 | 13.7 | 243.0 |
| 35 | Landshut | 689 | +3.8 | 5.6 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 244.3 |
| 36 | Trier | 788 | +5.9 | 6.3 | 12.8 | 14.7 | 246.2 |
| 37 | Schwerin | 626 | +5.3 | 8.5 | 13.9 | 9.2 | 251.2 |
| 38 | Frankfort aan de Oder | 1476 | +3.7 | 11.2 | 15.6 | 12.0 | 252.5 |
| 39 | Kiel | 273 | +3.6 | 8.4 | 13.7 | 8.3 | 260.0 |
| 40 | Neustadt an der Weinstraße | 1199 | +5.1 | 8.2 | 13.5 | 16.6 | 261.3 |
| 41 | Pforzheim | 616 | +5.1 | 4.7 | 11.9 | 17.4 | 262.3 |
| 42 | Bamberg | 421 | +5.2 | 6.3 | 13.4 | 12.4 | 264.0 |
| 43 | Delmenhorst | 472 | +3.0 | 9.7 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 265.2 |
| 44 | Rosenheim | 349 | +3.6 | 4.4 | 14.9 | 16.7 | 268.7 |
| 45 | Gütersloh | 6067 | +3.0 | 11.3 | 17.5 | 17.8 | 273.0 |
| 46 | Kassel | 320 | +4.8 | 7.0 | 11.6 | 12.0 | 274.8 |
| 47 | Ingolstadt | 547 | +3.9 | 5.5 | 16.3 | 17.6 | 276.3 |
| 48 | Freiburg im Breisgau | 516 | +5.0 | 6.6 | 14.3 | 16.0 | 280.8 |
| 49 | Potsdam | 604 | +3.8 | 10.4 | 15.1 | 13.0 | 285.8 |
| 50 | Aschaffenburg | 536 | +4.9 | 6.8 | 14.4 | 17.2 | 289.5 |
| 51 | Braunschweig | 404 | +3.9 | 8.8 | 13.4 | 15.3 | 290.2 |
| 52 | Würzburg | 304 | +3.6 | 5.4 | 13.2 | 18.3 | 291.2 |
| 53 | Fürth | 213 | +3.5 | 5.5 | 15.0 | 14.8 | 292.8 |
| 54 | Düren | 4930 | +3.5 | 12.0 | 17.4 | 17.1 | 293.5 |
| 55 | Augsburg | 320 | +4.1 | 5.2 | 14.1 | 16.9 | 296.5 |
| 56 | Heilbronn | 434 | +3.8 | 6.0 | 15.2 | 20.3 | 300.5 |
| 57 | Schweinfurt | 234 | +5.2 | 6.3 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 308.3 |
| 58 | Worms | 362 | +2.3 | 9.5 | 16.8 | 19.1 | 317.0 |
| 59 | Arnsberg | 18721 | +5.6 | 11.5 | 19.0 | 16.8 | 317.5 |
| 60 | Oldenburg | 382 | +3.0 | 9.2 | 15.0 | 21.0 | 322.0 |
| 61 | Viersen | 4320 | +3.0 | 13.1 | 18.6 | 19.4 | 323.3 |
| 62 | Regensburg | 223 | +3.6 | 6.7 | 15.7 | 16.9 | 325.0 |
| 63 | Osnabrück | 405 | +3.8 | 9.4 | 15.0 | 17.2 | 325.3 |
| 64 | Bergisch Gladbach | 3308 | +3.2 | 12.1 | 17.4 | 21.7 | 327.2 |
| 65 | Cottbus | 838 | +4.1 | 12.0 | 17.1 | 14.6 | 330.7 |
| 66 | Koblenz | 574 | +6.3 | 7.6 | 14.9 | 19.2 | 332.2 |
| 67 | Passau | 916 | +4.4 | 11.3 | 16.2 | 16.5 | 336.3 |
| 68 | Bremerhaven | 364 | +4.3 | 9.0 | 15.4 | 16.0 | 340.3 |
| 69 | Bocholt | 13096 | +7.5 | 11.4 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 341.3 |
| 70 | Nürnberg | 137 | +4.1 | 5.8 | 15.4 | 14.9 | 348.7 |
| 71 | Halle (Saale) | 240 | +3.7 | 9.2 | 16.1 | 15.3 | 354.0 |
| 72 | Kerpen | 4672 | +4.1 | 12.6 | 18.1 | 20.3 | 365.3 |
| 73 | Darmstadt | 561 | +5.9 | 8.7 | 16.0 | 19.0 | 365.3 |
| 74 | Witten | 2961 | +3.7 | 12.2 | 18.0 | 22.6 | 366.0 |
| 75 | Lünen | 2995 | +4.1 | 13.0 | 18.1 | 20.6 | 374.8 |
| 76 | Münster | 652 | +3.6 | 11.9 | 17.9 | 19.8 | 377.3 |
| 77 | Ratingen | 2348 | +3.9 | 12.5 | 18.0 | 22.4 | 377.8 |
| 78 | Heidelberg | 460 | +6.5 | 8.7 | 16.3 | 18.1 | 379.3 |
| 79 | Karlsruhe | 328 | +4.5 | 9.1 | 14.2 | 21.1 | 392.3 |
| 80 | Recklinghausen | 3757 | +4.4 | 12.9 | 18.4 | 21.8 | 397.7 |
| 81 | Mainz | 171 | +3.0 | 9.8 | 16.5 | 20.7 | 413.2 |
| 82 | Speyer | 357 | +4.6 | 9.3 | 17.1 | 19.5 | 413.8 |
| 83 | Leipzig | 267 | +6.3 | 9.6 | 16.0 | 16.1 | 421.7 |
| 84 | Offenbach | 209 | +4.8 | 8.7 | 16.5 | 20.1 | 441.2 |
| 85 | Ludwigshafen | 129 | +3.0 | 9.7 | 16.9 | 22.6 | 444.3 |
| 86 | München | 110 | +5.6 | 5.5 | 16.6 | 19.9 | 449.2 |
| 87 | Bottrop | 483 | +3.9 | 13.0 | 18.7 | 23.3 | 455.7 |
| 88 | Remscheid | 445 | +5.0 | 11.9 | 17.7 | 22.0 | 460.5 |
| 89 | Hagen | 569 | +5.1 | 12.0 | 18.2 | 23.1 | 462.0 |
| 90 | Frankfurt am Main | 168 | +5.2 | 8.4 | 16.7 | 21.3 | 463.8 |
| 91 | Mannheim | 164 | +4.4 | 9.2 | 17.0 | 22.1 | 478.2 |
| 92 | Solingen | 341 | +4.8 | 12.1 | 17.7 | 22.6 | 487.2 |
| 93 | Mönchengladbach | 293 | +4.1 | 13.1 | 19.0 | 19.8 | 487.3 |
| 94 | Bonn | 249 | +4.8 | 12.2 | 16.9 | 21.5 | 491.3 |
| 95 | Bochum | 185 | +3.6 | 12.8 | 18.2 | 22.4 | 503.0 |
| 96 | Leverkusen | 232 | +4.1 | 12.2 | 17.9 | 23.4 | 503.7 |
| 97 | Herne | 125 | +3.0 | 13.0 | 18.7 | 22.9 | 504.2 |
| 98 | Krefeld | 269 | +3.9 | 13.1 | 19.1 | 22.5 | 504.8 |
| 99 | Mülheim | 278 | +4.2 | 12.8 | 18.4 | 23.5 | 509.3 |
| 100 | Wuppertal | 305 | +5.1 | 12.2 | 18.0 | 23.6 | 516.0 |
| 101 | Köln | 192 | +4.6 | 12.3 | 17.8 | 22.5 | 528.8 |
| 102 | Gelsenkirchen | 188 | +3.9 | 13.0 | 18.9 | 23.7 | 534.8 |
| 103 | Oberhausen | 159 | +3.9 | 13.1 | 18.8 | 24.7 | 548.3 |
Methode en kanttekeningen
De Index combineert vijf metingen per stad: groenruimte per inwoner, hoe heet de heetste wijken worden, en drie luchtvervuilers (PM2.5, PM10, NO2). Een stad wordt per meting van eerste tot laatste geplaatst en die plaatsen worden gemiddeld, waarbij groenruimte dubbel telt. Lager is beter.
Hitte is landoppervlaktetemperatuur, niet luchttemperatuur. Luchtkwaliteitswaarden zijn modelschattingen. Groenoppervlak is de door satelliet gedetecteerde vegetatieomvang, niet de boomhoogte.
